Water End-use Measurement: a Guide to Study Design, Sampling and Smart Metering Technology

Water management in cities is a critical issue for the health and sustainability of urban communities. Collecting accurate data is crucial for delivering effective, integrated approaches to urban water planning. With a focus on residential (rather than commercial or industrial) water use, this guide helps water planners to design and implement effective end-use measurement studies. An improved understanding of where and when water is used in homes, assists with long term planning within water utilities and with the evaluation of water saving programs. The guide is structured to lead the reader through the development of study design and objectives; data requirements and technology selection ? including smart meters; and sample size selection within cost and resource constraints. Included with the guide are a selection of case studies, an extensive list of technology providers and a review of existing water end-use studies. This practical guide will interest water industry planners and policy makers as well as research providers and technology specialists. Financial support for the development of this guide from the Smart Water Fund is gratefully acknowledged.