Interface Properties of Amorphous / Crystalline Silicon Heterojunctions: Modeling, Experiments and Solar Cells

Solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) can potentially achieve high sunlight energy conversion efficiencies and thus could reach grid parity despite the high cost of c-Si. The efficiency of standard c-Si solar cells featuring diffused emitters and aluminum back surface fields (BSF) is limited by interface recombination. Alternatively the growth of intrinsic/doped amorphous silicon (a- Si: H) layer stacks on c-Si effectively passivates the c-Si surface and simultaneously forms the emitter and BSF. Such Si heterojunction (HJ) solar cells can use thin c-Si wafers, benefit from low production cost of a-Si: H layers and enable the highest efficiencies. The focus of this work is the study of interfaces in a-Si: H/c-Si heterostructures, particularly the electronic quality of the a-Si: H/c-Si heterointerface and its effect on the subsequent a- Si: H/c-Si HJ solar cell fabrication. Interface recombination modeling by considering the amphoteric nature of Si dangling bonds is in excellent agreement with measurements, and provides insight into the microscopic passivation mechanisms.